cahill



(No Model.) 16 Sheets-Sheet I. T. CAI-IILL.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE. No. 566,442. Patented Aug. 25, 1896.

8 Fig.1 1. 621 I I er 16 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

T. GAHILL. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

I M a w M. 3/ m m Q Q 2 r M 3% M W w M i N 16 Sheets-Sheet; 3.

latented Aug. 25, 1896.

m R E SN NR (No Model.)

T OAHILL TYPE WRITING MAGHINE.

(No Model.) 16 Sheets-Sheet 4, T. GAHILL. TYPE WRITING MACHINE, No] 566,442. Patented Aug. 25, 1896.

I H I n /IIII//I///II/IIII/IIIII/ 7////////JM//////l///l7//4Ml///I/////// 7////////////////fi 1s sneets sneet 5.

(No Model.)

' T. GAHILL. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

Patented Aug 25; 1896.

.mDD

U .u EBBBSS=8=BSSBBSBSES U a I 57mm /XMM 6 4 14 (No Model.) 16 Sheets-Sheet 6.

. T. CAHILL.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE. v No. 566,442. Patented Aug. 25, 1896. I cs7 S MI - P o v A?! W (No Model. 16 Sheets-Sheet 7 T. GAH ILL. TYPE WRITING MACHINE- No. 566,442. v Patented Aug. 25, 18961 16 Sheets--Sheet 8.

(No Model.)

T CAHILL TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 566.442. Patented, Au 25, 1.896;.

(No Model.) 16 Sheets-Sheet 9. T OAHILL TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

Patented Augr25, 1896.

(No Model.) 16 Sheets-Sheet 10. T. CAHILL. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 566,442. Patented Aug. 25, 1896.

W0 Model.)

I 16 Sheets-Sheet 11. T. 'OAHILL.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

Patented Aug. 25,1896

(No Model.)

16 Sheets-Shet 12 T GAHILL TYPE WRITING-MACHINE. No. 566,442.

Patented Au nzs, 1896.

16 Sheets-Sheet, 13.

(No Model.)

, T GAHILL TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

-No 566,442." Patented Aug. 25, 1896.

(No-Model.) 16 Sheets-Sheet 14.

T'. GAHILL. TYPE WRITING MAGHINE.

' No. 566,442. Patented u fzmsge.

(No Model.) v "16 sheets-sheet 15,. T. CAHILL. TYPE WRITING MAGHINE- m m a w n 4 a no I w .w

T. O AHILL; TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

16 sheets' sheet 16.

(No Model.)

' No. 566,442. Patented Aug 25, 1896;

y, EK

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THADDEUS CAHILL, OF NEW-YORK, N. Y.

TYPE-WRlTlNG MA-CHlNE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 566,442, dated August 25, 1896.

- Application filed January 4, 1896. $erial llo. 574,359. No model-J To all whojnt it may 'oncern:

'riety of ways.

Be it known that 1, THADDEUS CAHILL, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city, county, and State of New York, residing temporarily at Washington, in the District-of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-Writing Machines, Type-Setting Machines, and other Similar Instruments, of which the following is a specification.

he object of my invention is to increase the amount of work which can'be done in a given time with an instrument of the kind before mentioned by enabling the operator to make two letters simultaneously; and my invention consists in the parts,improvements, and combinations hereinafter described and claimed.

I shall first describe my invention as applied to atype-writing-machine, and will then point out how it may be used in type-setting machinesandothersimilarinstruments. The accomplishmentof the object before mentioned, to wit, making two letters at the same time, has been attempted heretofore in a va- Thus in type-writing machines having type-forms, or key-wheel? machines, as they are termed in the Patent- Ofiice classification, 'ithas been attempted (a) by furnishing the type-form with word-characters, as in the patent to Blickensderfer, No. 457,333, dated August 4, 1891, or the patent to Garner and Laganke, No. 375,062, dated December 20, 1887; (b) by furnishing the type-form with compound or double-letter characters,as in the patent to me. No. 531,904, dated January 1, 1895, and-(c) by employing cobperating type-forms arranged so thatthey print consecutive letters of a word simultaneously at adjacent printing-points, as in the patent to Eckels, No. 466,490, dated January 5, 1892, or in the patent to me, No. 541,222, dated June 18,1895; and in type-bar machines the same object has been attempted (a) by furnishing certain of the bars with word-charactors (b) by furnishing certain of the bars with compound or double-letter characters, and (c) by employing two sets of bars arranged in circular arcs, the bars of each set being arranged so that they strike to a print ing-point common to such set, and the printing-poi'nts of the two sets. being adjacent to each other and 011 the same line of printing, as in the patent to Orpcn, No. 297,086, dated April 15, 1884.. In employing word-characters, or double-letter characters, whether in machines'of the type-form variety or of the type-bar variety, a moderate increase in the speed of operation necessarily involves a great increase in the complexity of the machine. Indeed, any very great increasein the number of characters, whether simple characters or compound characters, is .for obvious reasons undesirable, if not impracticable, and yet a great number of wold-characters or doubleletter characters must necessarily be employed in order to effect any very great increase in speed. The other plans of making two letters at the same time, (a) by employ ing codperating type-forms, printing consecutive letters at adjacent printingpoints, and (b) by employing two sets of type-bars printing at adjacent printing-points, also involve a very material increase in the complexity of the machine in the number of moving parts, their weight, the distances through which they must be moved, and the power required to impel them. Such plans increase greatly the complexity of the machine, the power required to operate it, and the facility of breaking down.

My present inventiondiffers radically from all the plans before mentioned. It proceeds upon a new principle. It is well known that good machines, both of the type-bar variety and of the type-form variety,'are capable, so far as the mechanism of the machines themselves is concerned, of very rapid operation They are capable ordinarily of writing from a hundred and fifty to two hundred words a minute, and could be made to write more rapidly. The diflicultyis in the operators making the necessary movements (to wit, a movement for each letter and another for each inter-verbal space) in succession with 'the requisite rapidity, and in exerting the greatly increased force which such rapid movements of the type-bars or type-forms involve. I obviate or reduce these difliculties. The operator makes two letters by my invention at the same time; but the mechanism prints them in rapid succession, and the whole is-so contrived in the preferred form that the power required to operate the print ing mechanism is furnished by a dynamo or battery, so that the operator has only to touch light keys, which, moving through small disiances, close the necessary circuits. My invention is applicable equally to type-form machines and to type-bar machines, and it may be carried out either by electrical devices, which is my preferred-form, or by mechanical devices without the aid of electricity. I shall first describe my preferred form, in which type-bars and electrical mechanism are employed, and after the preferred form has been made clear I shall describe other forms of my invention, and shall point out how it may be applied to other uses than in type-writing.

In many type-writing machines there is a key for every character. In other type'-writs ing machines in common use each key serves for two or in some cases for three characters. In all these common types of machines, however, a large number of keys is employed. In some other types of machine a small number of keys is made to serve for a large number of characters. The machines patented to me by Letters Patent No. 502,700, dated August 8, 1893, No. 53l,904,,dated January 1, 1805, and No.-5-l1,222, dated June 18, 1805, and the machine described in a pending application of mine, Serial No. 572,121, filed December 14, 1895, are examples of machines in which a few keys are made to print'a large number of characters. Such devices, by which a'small number of keys acting in various permutations or combinations is made to produce a large number of letters, each as desired, may properly be termed (and is sometimes in this specification termed) .a permntational letter-selecting device, or designated by other similar language.

Important features of my present invention are applicable equallyto machines having a key for every character and to machines having a few keys serving for many characters;

but as I employ two groups of l:eys,'which are acted upon simultaneously by the operator, so that a letter is made on each group at the same'time, it becomes very important to reduce the number of keys of each group to the smal lest practicable number; and the preferred form of my invention illustrated in the drawings is so arranged and contrived that asmallnnmber of keys serves for ,each hand to print a large number of letters. In other words, I prefer to use, in the carrying out ofm y invention, per-mutational letterselcetingdcvices, andthe combination of such devices with other parts, as set forth in the statement of claim at the end hereof, constitutcs an important portion of my invention, but I do not limit myself to the use of permutational letter-selecting devices, for much of my in veniion may be practiced without them.

in the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view with the keyboards in plan, illustrating the electrical connections of a set of iroys and magnets employed in carrying out my invention, and in this figure mechanical details of construction and of form and position of parts are disregarded, in order to illustrate the electrical connections as simply as possible, and the major portion of the connection-changing device (elsewhere clearly illustrated) is entirely omitted. Fig. 2 is a plan view illustrating the mechanical arrangement of the keys, circuit-controlling frames, and coactin g contactpieces, and in this figure, as in Fig. 1, important portions of the circuit-changing device (elsewhere clearly illustrated) are omitted. Figs. 2-, 2, and 2 are sectional views, partly in elevation, on the lines 00 00, as m, and 41' m", respectively, Fig. 2. Fig 52 is intended to illustrate the relations subsisting between the various keys and the circuit-controlling frame D and E hereinafter described and the construction of the keys, formed each partly of wood and partly of conducting metal. Fig. 2 is intended to illustrate the relation between the various keys and the conducting-strips f and f, hereinafter described; and Fig. 2 is intended to illustrate the relations normally subsisting between the various keys and the circuit-closing frames D and E on the one hand and the contactpieces with which they close circuit on the otherhand, and particularly to make clear the fact that the various keys are normally out of connection with the corresponding contact-pieces, while the circuit-closing frames 1) and E are normally in connection with the contact --pieces corresponding to them, except as they are kept out of connection by the circuit-changing device hereinafter described. Fig. 3 is a sectional view, partly in elevation,- through the center of a typeywriting machine constructed according to the preferred plan of my invention, the plane of section being parallel to the length of the keys and transverse to the paper-car-- riage, and in this View a few only of the electromagnets, with the corresponding typebars and intermediate parts, are illustrated, the major portion being omitted for greater clearness and convenience, and the major part of the connection-changing device is omitted also. Fig. 4 is a detail View, partly in section, partly in elevation, on the lines m 90 Figs. 2 and 3, illustrating the connection-changing device hereinbefore referred to and hereinafter described. Fig. 5 is a detail rear elevation illustrating the spacing mechanism. Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are detail views illustrating the construction of the main frame which I prefer to use in applying my invention to a type-writing machine.

Fig. 0 is a top view illustrating the top plate of the machine, with the ring attached to the top plate and serving to support the/flanges or hangers by which the lev'ers hereinafter described, operated by the elcctromagnets, and serving to transmit motion to the typcbars are supported; Fig.7 is a detail top view illustrating the magnet-car- ICC . teeeee treiiei bysueh keyboard. This View ii1us-' the Gii'0i3it8 Fi '10 is e detaii elevation Illustrating, i1egrammetical1y,a modified ei'e euit-eiienging-cievice suitable for use with a, simplified arrangement of eieetrie .eir Quits; such as that of Fig. 9. Fig. 11', which is 31, tap View, and Fig. 12, which is e fieteil seetienai elevation on the line w m, Fig. 11,

. iiiuetmte & modification of the cii'euit-eiiang mg" deifiee' such that the mechanical movement which efiets the changing of the'eireuite ie efieetei directly by the force applied to the keys ineteedef being efiected by e key-centreiieti electric circuit, as in the prefem'ei'i fieviee. Figs. 13, 14, and 15 are diagrammatic views illustrating a. modificetien in which two eiectromagnets only are 'exhpieyed'fer printing; one being controlled bytiie; 1'ighthemi keys and the other being controlled by the 'i'eftmn'd keys; instead of employing a muitip'iieity of'magnets, es in the beforefie ecri'beii devices. Fig. 1311s a diagrammatic.

"plan, View, partly in section,' iiiuetreting veii'iziiet Fig.15, but iliee among other things the; relations subsisting between the two keyboai iis emi the type-bea eenmeoted ieverewhich levers last mentioned cerreepenii with, the'keyievers (if such me-' ehinee es the Remington. Fig. 14 is a, diagrammatic sectional View in elevation on the line {6 at, Fig. 12, illustrating time arrangement of parts by whieh it key fie connectedwit'h the corresponding peweieoperemi ieverg, and iii-is a: diagrammatic eeetienei eie vetieii en tiie'iiiee w w, 13 imi i i, illustrating the power eiren'gemei t and the eieeteieei e0" leetiens. Fig. 16 is; e vieweizing e. mediiiei ceeetmetien m which e'meeiietiiee'i went ef mememum-pieees ie-eiiiistitetei fer the electromagnetic go ter eiev'ieee; Fi 17 'ie a disigmmmetic View eim'iiezte Fl a}, iiiuettetiiig e mefliiieeizwe hei emztitee tieeeribeci. Fig. .18; is view, simifieito :5,

illustrating a medifieetien hei-einefter elescribedi In eii tine verieue figureetiie elm hee Tween to maize elem-tile eesentiei pi ineipiee 01? time invention and the imeei'tzmt feet'rweeef em. tm etion, end to die this the imetterneweeeeetiai and. immaterial deteiie 0i. eeimst'zuetien,

drawings with particular form.

or emittefi, emi eteiie erm, eize, enii prepeetie i, even of the pm te,

been varied, eitei ei, ez-J eepmted from iii many eeeee te iiiiietmte mere e'ieesiy the es-- seiitiel principles ei invention; end in ,severei eaeee wize'zze there e muitipiicity ef eimiier perte as few emiy have been iiieetmteii. T'iie is pertieiiimiy time leftiiedevieee 111w tmtefi in Figs. 13., 1 2, 3 5. end 16. in these iievicee' there wemr'i be in practice e large iiilmbel'pf izeye set, (prefereeiy about forty in iih'igi1i3-h&iifi eet and somewhat.

more than mine-Emit that new Peer in the lefthenni'eetfi eeiye few 01' whiehlere shown in the (im winge, the mejer peit'beizag emit-tee; ie et'eie the cramping earl "euseurity whicii' would EGGESSQJZY'HY result from showing so many pert-s in ee smell e. spa-me. In brief,- the iimwings are net Efififi fi to eeeieami nonessential meeiienieei details and details of iziumioer, size, form, and prope'rtien we constentiyeeci'ifieeii for the wake of greater elem-- mess; in iiiusti'eting the essential prineipiee of the invention and the ieedieg'featm'es of emisti-uetion. k

. My preferred farm of type-writing machine, ate illustrated in the irewiegs ceneiets,,essen tieiiy, of (a) at multiplicity of eieetromegnete (b) two gmeps er sets of keys, one eeirvin'g'for the right "hand and. time other setting for the left hand, eeiztreliieg said eieciremegnete, each group ei keys ceneisting of a number of. keys smailin comparison with the number ef magneteeontreiied thereby; (c) type-bale goperetezi-by the electremegnets (d) eenneetioiis intei mediete eeeh greep of keyeenei time eiee tremegnete ieef rementicmed'; (3} ii eomeeeiii$-i3hiti1fi q j the eperetive eennee time between 1e eieetmmegneie zmfi the cliffex'enteetss 01E Keys we changed 01 shifted in such e, manner that the key er keys depree'seii of we set first eetmeetee with tne eieeti'ei- 'megilete emi Teet teey enfl then thiseemieew ttien is mean, and the key er keys depressed any 'suiteieie form mey be use-6i endmemy ferme'iiiire kiiiWiIi,-1 have. met burdenw. the Sueh 1e IKO oi. the etiiei' Set ere ee'mieeteei in tut-x1 with the preierreti ierm e56 type-writing machine;

me very gteet i pertance ieetteehed ie this pteferte fi eeiietiuetien, enfiiemy one oi newbie? efetiier wiii be seen more clear 3;

wiiezi'tiie wimle 0f e ieeifieetien has been pea-wed, may be used. instead. The prineipei heweveiytiie; ie new eo fee as teie egieeiiieetien ie eeneemeel, in the dev ce ieet eiee've meetiened, ie theieetewe of employing ewe sets of keys end ei the letters siiceeeeiveiy frexui keys (iepreeeed simuitemeeueiy.

The arrangement ex" type-bent diepeeeii.

to the connection -changer' hereinafter (16-. scribed. The top plate A has at the back around a circle and arranged so that they strike to a common center, and the carriage mechanism are old and well known in the art. The idea oi: operating the'typc-bars'by means of magnets is also old in the art. The arrangement of a single set of keys, few in number, controlling a set of magnets, large in number, as illustrated in the drawings, is not new in the present specification and is not claimed herein. Itforms the subjectmatter of another application of mine forimprovements in type-writing machines and other 'key operated instruments, filed December 14, 1895, Serial No. 572,121; and the same is to a great extent true of .the spacing mechanism herein illustrated and described. 'While. therefore, it will be necessary to an understanding of the device which I consider best for the carrying out of my invention to describebriefly a great part of a complete op erative machine, I wish it to be clearly understood at the outset that the principal novel features of the present application, so far as a type-writing machine is concerned, are those which relate to the use of two sets of keys or other suitable letter-selecting devices, actuated by the operator simultaneously and serving to produce their letters in rapid succession.

\Vith this preliminary description I shall now proceed to describe the preferred device 3 or carrying out my invention. borne in mind, however, that it is not the peculiar .t'catures'ot": the preferred device which I am now about to describe in detail, but rather the essential parts, improvements, and combinationsset forth in the statement of claim at the end hereof, in which my inven" tion consists, to which I attach importance, and for which I desire protection.

The main frame consists, essentially, of (a) a.bed-p1ate marked A; (1)) a magnet-carrying ring A, preferabiy of non-magnetic material arranged concentric with the circle of typedcvers; (0) another ring A to which the.

flanges are attached which suppo: the multiplyingdevers operated by the electromagnets and serving to transmit motion from the electromagnets to the type-levers; the top' plate A of the machine, to which top plate the various type-levers, the carriage, &c., are connected in the usual manner, and (e) a bar or frame 2, attached to the bed-plate A and serving to support various parts belonging a downward extension A, which serves to support the spacing mechanism. Columns or standards A A, fastened by belts or machine-screws to, lugs A" A, projecting from the bed-plate A, and to other lugs A A, projecting inwardly from the magnet-carry ing ring A, serve to support the magnetomrying ring A and its magnets. The ringA which supports the levers connecting the magnets with their proper t c-levers, is screwed fasttothe top plate A', and the top corresponding type-carrying layer a.

It Will be plate is supported'by columns A A, attached ring A below and to the top plate itself abm e. Thus the main frame is bound together. The dotails of construction of the main frame, however, it isto be understood, are entirely in'nnaterial so far as the principle of my invention is concerned."

The type-bars a a, Fig. 3, each of which carries an upper-case and a lower-case character, are supported by means of flanges or hangers a. CL, of any suitable construction, screwed fast to the top platc'in the usual fashion. The electromagnets b b consist each, essentially, of a fixed core Z2, bolt-ed fast to the magnet-carrying ring, a movable core or armature b and a coil of insulated u'irc Zr", surrounding the parts Z1 and U. The wire is wound upon a hollow tube 7), provided with retainingdieads. The armature h is connected with a multiplying-lever b by a link 7). Said multiplying-leyer b is supported by a flange or hanger I4 screwed fast to thc ring A and is connected by a link with the The whole arrangement is such that when the magnet is energized by passing an electric current through the coil Zr the armature I) is attractedby the fixed core b and moves to ward it, soinoring the multiplying-lever L and pulling upon the link I), which in turn pulls down the short end oft-he typedever u and throws the type up forcibly against the paper carried by the paper-roll m. A contractile spring 11 serves to return the parts to their normal positions when the circuit of the magnet is broken.

I prefer to employ the arrangement of magnet illustrat-ed'inthe drawings, having a fixed core and a movable cylindrical armature, both lying inside the energizing coil, for when properly constructed this form of electromagnct reduces the disadvantageous mag netic leakage to a minimum, gives a pull through a considerable distance, and having its-magnetic circuitlargely'of air loses its magnetism instantly the circuit is broken,

and so \vorks'with great rapidity. I have found it peculiarly advantageous for operatingthetype-bars; but any other suitable 'form' of electromagnet whatever may, of

course, be'substitute'd for it. lhe enlarged heads b and b' of the fixed core I) and the armature b are made large,'so that they give a good return-circuit through air for the mag netic flux or lines of force. lly this arrangement the total reluctance of the magnetic circuit is kept within moderate limits, and at the same time the magnetic circuit, including an air-return path for the flow of force, 

